Hi Future Power Technology Magazine: Clean Energy Edition!.

Hi Future Power Technology Magazine: Clean Energy Edition!. 

April 2012!.

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Hi Five Awesome Environmental Projects Undertaken By Large Cities!.

Hi Five Awesome Environmental Projects Undertaken By Large Cities!.

Environmental conservation is every nation's rallying call in the wake of its massive destruction around the world and the dire need to conserve it for ourselves and the future. Unless proper measures are undertaken to protect and conserve it, we shall only be around long enough to watch it perish and we after it.

Many, if not all the nations of the world, in this realization have come up with ingenious ways and projects to conserve the environment and keep it that way for a long time to come. We will look at least five of these projects carried out in major cities around the world.

Near Albany, NY, a company known as Ecovative Design came up with a low-cost innovative zero-waste, bio-based packing material that replaces foam packaging like urethane, Styrofoam and plastic thermoforms. The process takes place indoors, in darkness and doesn't require any human intervention.

It mainly uses fungi which 'grow' on custom-shaped forms that are made from inedible crop waste like buckwheat husks. There is zero waste because all the raw material becomes part of the final product, and easily becomes compost after the intended use.

This product in essence replaces 196,000 cubic feet of foam plastic packaging parts, thereby saving 77 thousand gallons of petroleum annually, essentially because approximately 10% of petroleum used in America goes to the manufacture of plastics and foams.

In Tokyo Bay, an ambitious construction project is being developed to help in the conservation of the environment. The Shimizu Corporation has an ambitious project of constructing a pyramid that is three miles long, making its height 14 times higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza. There are smaller projects too that have just as big ambitions, the Vancouver Cigarette butt recycling program, looks to make Vancouver the most eco-friendly city by 2020.

The pyramid will be made up of 204 other smaller pyramids and will have at least 750,000 housing units for people in Tokyo. The carbon fibre material used to make the pyramid will be mainly light weight; the pyramid will be host to shopping centres, restaurants, research facilities and private homes. The residences and businesses will be powered by wind power, solar power and algae scum.

In the Maldives, an ambitious project funded both by the government and well-wishers has been started up to conserve corals. Seamarc, a consultancy company in marine matters has engineered an innovative technique where new corals are propagated on metal frames.

This is made possible through a process of transplantation using broken fragments of corals harvested from the natural reef. The coral fragments are then attached to the metal frames where they grow into new colonies.

Discernible difference can be viewed within 2 months of the initial 2-3 weeks that follow the transplant. Proceeds from each frame are used to fund local community initiatives and also towards research in Cocoa Island's marine conservation pro-grammes.

Another construction project in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi is building the 1st carbon-neutral city in a span of 10 years. The city will have all cars banned within city limits; only solar-powered vehicles would be allowed within the city.

80% of all the water in the city will be recycled and all human waste 'repurposed' and converted to energy for use. This city would move beyond the current dependency on oil and will be the world's first zero-waste, zero-carbon city, especially because the city will be built with recycled materials from ground up which will eschew carbon emissions.

In Europe, a recycling process for waste water to be used in hotels was developed by Marco Cremona, an engineer, mainly to be used in hotels. Its system, based on the innovative Membrane BioReactor (MBR), this is a waste water treatment process that is used together with reverse osmosis process (RO) that is well proven. With this process, 70-80% of the water brought in by the hotel will be conserved.

Hi Ozone Layer Healing, But...

Hi Ozone Layer Healing, But...

According to the ozone sensors on Europe's MetOpt weather satellite, the hole over Antarctica in 2012 was the smallest in the last 10 years. 

Since the beginning of the 1980s, an ozone hole has developed over Antarctica during the southern spring - September to November - resulting in a decrease in ozone concentration of up to 70%. 

Man-made chlorofluorocarbons - CFCs - have a negative effect on the ozone, depleting it and creating the infamous hole. 

The Montreal Protocol has stopped the increase of CFC concentrations, and a drastic fall has been observed since the mid-1990s. 

You can see the Total Ozone values in the Northern Hemishpere and Southern Hemisphere along with the climate model prediction (in blue) showing recovery continuing over several decades.

The good news is that the Antarctic ozone hole is on the way to recovery. 

The bad news is that scientists now think it is helping to slow the polar seas' ability to absorb carbon dioxide, a leading contributor to Global Warming. 

Antarctic accounts for about 40% of the total carbon absorbed by the world's seas. 

Scientists at Johns Hopkins University found the same winds that caused extremely low temperatures leading to higher levels of ozone depletion are speeding circulation patterns in polar waters, with the currents closer to the land pushing more deep water up to the ocean surface.

Scientists worry that the increasing upwelling of that water, hundreds of years old and naturally rich in carbon dioxide, is reducing the amount of manmade carbon absorbed by sub-polar waters.

Thanks to the Montreal Protocol we are well on our way to eliminating the use of CFCs. 

The damage however will go on for decades and more.

Further information on these most recent studies can be found in the Feb 15, 2013 issue of OzoNews click the following link here to download.

Hi Artificial Cooling Tricky Topic for Climate Panel!.

Hi Artificial Cooling Tricky Topic for Climate Panel!.

BERLIN (AP) -- It's Plan B in the fight against climate change: cooling the planet by sucking heat-trapping CO2 from the air or reflecting sunlight back into space.

Called geoengineering, it's considered mad science by opponents.

Supporters say it would be foolish to ignore it, since plan A - slashing carbon emissions from fossil fuels - is moving so slowly.

The U.N.'s expert panel on climate change is under pressure from both sides this week as it considers whether geoengineering should be part of the tool-kit that governments use to keep global warming in check.

Russia, in particular, has been pushing the panel to place more emphasis on such techniques in a key document for policymakers being finalized in Berlin this week.

Drafts leaked before the conference only mentioned one of the options, removing CO2 from the air and storing it underground. Russia, a major oil and gas producer, said the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change should also mention solar radiation management, which could include everything from covering open surfaces with reflective materials or placing sun-mirrors in orbit around the Earth.

'It is expedient to give a short description of the approach and mention the major 'pro and contra',' Russia said in comments submitted to the IPCC and seen by The Associated Press.

But even advocates of studying geoengineering express doubts.

'Really at the present moment there is a high level of uncertainty surrounding all of these options,' said Steve Rayner, co-director of Oxford University's geoengineering program. Still, he said it's worth continuing to research geoengineering 'to get a better sense of whether there's any merit in pursuing these technologies further.'

After discussions among governments and scientists, a mention of geoengineering was added last year to the first of four summaries of the IPCC's authoritative assessment on climate change. They are now working on the third one, which deals specifically with fighting climate change.

The document is important because it will be used as scientific guidance for governments as they negotiate a new global climate pact, set to be adopted in 2015.

Some environmental activists watching the talks in Berlin want the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to scratch references to geoengineering altogether. They worry that such technologies would be ineffective, possibly harmful and delay efforts to shift the world's energy system from oil and coal to low-carbon energy sources like wind and solar power.

'It seems like a dangerous gamble to hold up this technology that may not work,' said Jim Thomas, of the Canada-based ETC Group.

However, the IPCC's draft document says that unless emissions are cut much faster than currently projected, measures to scrub CO2 from the air will be have to be deployed to avoid potentially dangerous levels of warming.

The problem is those technologies don't exist yet or are in an experimental stage. 

- "No one knows whether they will be successful."

Ideas include spraying clouds with seawater to make them more reflective or pumping aerosols into the air to mimic the cooling effect from major volcanic eruptions.

Each is associated with unknown risks, including potentially shifting weather patterns or damaging the ozone layer that protects the Earth from ultraviolet sunrays.

One technology that is currently being tested at a small scale is called 'bioenergy with carbon capture and storage,' or BECCS. 

The idea is to grow crops that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere then burn them in a power station to generate energy. 

The resulting CO2 emissions are captured at the plant and then stored deep underground. The net effect of that process is that CO2 is removed from the air.

In a scientific report underlying the summary for policy-makers being discussed in Berlin and obtained by AP, the IPCC notes that BECCS could play a key role in curbing the buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere, which scientists say is the main reason for global warming. 

However, it would have to be deployed at a large scale, which would require major investments. 

There could also be negative impacts if food crops are replaced by bio-crops.

Right now the carbon removed through this technique is only a fraction of the 30 billion tons of CO2 emitted annually from the combustion of fossil fuels.

'BECCS faces large challenges in financing and currently no such plants have been built and tested at scale,' the IPCC says in the draft report.

Hi Regional Focus "Middle East - Egypt Report":

Hi Regional Focus "Middle East - Egypt Report":

* Egypt GHG emissions, reduction strategy: 

*Content:


▪ Overall country perspective
▪ Industry overview
▪ Deep dive on selected sectors


Click Here To Download the Full Report

*Executive Summary:

Approach:

Emission baseline and abatement potential have been estimated on a macro sector basis (with a focus on 5 key sectors Power, Building, Cement, Road transport, Agriculture).

▪ Data has been collected from available public sources (local and international), syndicated by interviews with local experts and using values from comparable countries.

▪ Greenhouse Gas (GHG) abatement analysis has been developed with the objective of providing an 

integrated perspective on emissions reductions and cost. It cannot be used to forecast exact CO2 prices/ CO2 regulation or forecast individual technologies. 

Overall Business as Usual (BAU):

Emissions in 2005 are in the range of 220 Mt CO2 e and are expected to grow up to ~550 Mt CO2 e by 2030 contributing to ~0.9% of world emissions.

▪ In 2005 emissions per capita versus GDP per capita in Egypt are in line with other developing regions 

(such as India, Latin America and  Middle East), and throughout 2030 are expected to follow a typical 

growth pattern of a developing country.

▪ The 5 main sectors (Power, Building, Cement, Road transport, Agriculture) account for ∼75% of total emissions in 2005  and are expected to slightly increase their relative importance by 2030 (∼77% of total emissions). 

▪ Overall industry related emissions account for ∼29% of the total emissions in 2005 and are expected to increase their relative share to ∼36% by 2030.

Potential abatement:


Overall abatement potential is in the range of ∼200 Mt CO2e, equivalent to ∼36% of BAU at 2030.
▪ The overall potential is slightly lower than comparable developing regions mainly due to lower potential from the power sector (absence of coal plants, in BAU most of the total power production is already generated by relatively low gas plants).
▪ Total abatement potential of ~200 MtCO2e is fragmented into multiple levers and can be partially
implemented with economic benefits.
▪ Most of the abatement potential comes from the 5 key sectors  (Power, Transport, Cement, Building,
Agriculture) which account for ~80% of the total abatement.

*A specific methodological approach has been followed..